Author: Tatyana Gracheva
Salaries in the Polish labor market for Ukrainians
Updated employment data concerning Ukrainian nationals and their earnings within Poland has been released by the National Bank of Poland (NBP). The report shows that over 90% of Ukrainian citizens who relocated to Poland before 2022 are presently employed. The median net salary for Ukrainians working in Poland is lower than the median monthly income of Polish citizens and equals to approximately PLN 4,500 (₴52,000/$1,228).
Employment stability among refugees has also improved. The proportion of those employed under unstable contracts has decreased from 26% in 2023 to 17% in 2025 due to favorable conditions in the Polish labor market and migrants’ active integration efforts. The number of unemployed refugees in Poland has also decreased from 25% to14% for two years. Nevertheless, unemployment among refugees is still 300% higher than among Polish citizens. However, more and more refugees become self-employed.
Moreover, significantly increased administrative fees for obtaining work permits for foreign nationals, including Ukrainians, have been introduced by Poland as of December 1.
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Read moreDoubling output of existing medium-sized enterprises is Kazakhstan’s aim
A strategy to help existing medium-sized enterprises increase their production capacity two to threefold is being developed by Kazakhstan’s Ministry of National Economy, in partnership with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). It is part of the “Improving the Investment Attractiveness of Medium-Sized Businesses” program, that Deputy Minister of National Economy Yerlan Sagnaev announced at a press conference hosted by the Central Communications Service. He said that companies will receive state-backed support in the form of diagnostic assessments and customized development plans.
As Sagnaev noted, metallurgy, light industry, construction materials, mechanical engineering, and chemicals are the most active sectors. Consequently, the state plans to prioritize them through joint programs with the EBRD.
Aldo, ministry data shows that the share for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan’s GDP is now 39.8%. The sector’s total output increased by 25% in the first half of 2025 and reached $82.6 billion. The rise of employment in the SME segment attained 3.9% (totally 4.4 million people). The highest growth was in trade, industry, construction, transport, and agriculture.
Nevertheless, according to a recent Business Climate rating by the “Atameken” National Chamber of Entrepreneurs, only 10.1% of small businesses are interested in launching new projects, while 35.4% plan to expand. It means modest requests for government support (18.8%). Also, 6.2% of respondents are considering staff cuts or closures.
According to Timur Zharkenov, Deputy Chairman of the Atameken Board, a high tax burden (28.1%), labor shortages (16.2%), and inconsistent support from local authorities for investment initiatives makes medium-sized businesses the most concerned by pressing.
As a result, a decline in orders and a rise in production costs in autumn 2025 demonstrated the urgency of state support and the need to improve operational efficiency of domestic manufacturers.
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Read moreThe Polish labor market for Ukrainians; how much do they earn?
The National Bank of Poland (NBP) has released updated employment data concerning Ukrainian nationals and their earnings within Poland. According to the report, over 90% of Ukrainian citizens who relocated to Poland prior to the outbreak of war are presently employed. The median net salary for Ukrainians working in Poland is approximately PLN 4,500 (₴52,000/$1,228), […]
Read moreAround 60 percent of workers plan to change jobs in the next year
Salary remains the main and decisive factor when choosing a job, according to 66 percent of respondents in a survey conducted by Infostud at the Regional Job Fair. According to Infostud, workers in Serbia are getting closer to those in Croatia, where 74 percent of respondents believe that salary is the key factor in deciding […]
Read moreKazakhstan Aims to Double Output of Existing Medium-Sized Enterprises
Kazakhstan’s Ministry of National Economy, in partnership with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), is developing a strategy to help existing medium-sized enterprises increase their production capacity two to threefold. The initiative is part of the “Improving the Investment Attractiveness of Medium-Sized Businesses” program. Deputy Minister of National Economy Yerlan Sagnaev announced the […]
Read moreGeorgian Citizens No Longer Eligible for Simplified Employment in Poland
As of December 1, 2025, citizens of Georgia are no longer eligible for Poland’s simplified employment procedure and must instead follow the longer, standard process, which includes obtaining a D-type visa. Poland’s Minister of Family, Labor and Social Policy issued a relevant regulation on November 21, removing Georgia from the list of countries whose citizens […]
Read moreGeorgia ends public employment program as labor market tightens
Georgia’s public employment program for socially vulnerable citizens is set to end as the government winds down the initiative after its planned four-year cycle. Deputy Finance Minister Giorgi Kakauridze confirmed that the program, launched in 2022 under then–Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili, will not continue into 2025. The scheme had provided jobs to roughly 40,000 people […]
Read moreCooperation in labor and employment are discussed by Serbia and Uzbekistan
The further development of bilateral relations and new avenues of cooperation in the field of labor and employment were the subjects of the meeting between Serbia’s Minister of Labour, Employment, Veterans and Social Affairs, Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski, and the Ambassador of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Oybek Shakhadinov.
The Serbian Ministry of Labour, Employment, Veterans and Social Affairs said that Serbia and Uzbekistan share common values: respect for traditions, the preservation of national identity, and a commitment to strengthening families and society.
Also, significant economic growth of the both countries creates opportunities to exchange best practices and jointly advance labor and labor-migration policies.
The sides have an intention to sign a technical protocol between the national employment services ant to practically implement agreed measures.
The countries want to develop a sustainable, fair and mutually beneficial model of labor migration, supporting economic development and protecting the interests of domestic labor markets.
Notably, Memorandum of Understanding on labor migration signed by the President of Serbia during his recent visit to Uzbekistan. Due to this document, the competent institutions of the two states got the foundation for stable, systematic and long-term cooperation.
Moreover, Đurđević Stamenkovski received an invitation to visit Uzbekistan in March next year from ambassador Shakhadinov.
The minister appreciated this gesture, and the signing of a technical protocol that will elevate Serbia–Uzbekistan cooperation to a new, more concrete level might be the result of this visit.
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Read moreMinimum wage in Kazakhstan will be reevaluated in 2027-2028
As Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Economy, Serik Zhumangarin, said at a government meeting, the Government of Kazakhstan is investigating the possibility of raising the minimum wage in 2027–2028.
According to Zhumangarin, they expect real income growth for the population to attain an average minimum of 2–3 percent annually from 2026 to 2028.
Also, targeted employment support programs help this income growth, especially in the regions with low economic activity.
Other measures of managing inflation should be limiting withdrawals from the National Fund and tightening oversight on public expenditure. Strict adherence to budgetary regulations will be involved in this strategy. The government’s fiscal plan projects a decrease of the budget deficit to 0.9 percent of GDP by 2028. They also expect the non-oil deficit to decline to 2.7 percent of GDP. The current aim is not to let national debt levels surpass 26 percent of GDP.
Kazakhstan’s government will set minimum wage at 85,000 tenge (approximately $163 at the current exchange rate) as of January 1, 2024.
Also, the National Bank of Kazakhstan provided the official exchange rate as of November 19, 2025, stating that 1 USD equals 521.01 KZT.
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Read moreWhat Salary Do Ukrainians Consider Acceptable: Survey Results for 2025
Nearly 20% of Ukrainians are currently unemployed and actively seeking new jobs. A study conducted by the “OLX Work” platform shows that the most popular desired salary range among Ukrainians is between 20,000 and 30,000 hryvnias — this amount was mentioned by 31% of respondents. Expected Income Levels and Employment According to the survey, 30% […]
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