Category: Author’s post
A Digital Map of Enterprises is to be launched in Kazakhstan to identify financial, social and labour risks
The Action Plan within the framework of the Year of Vocational Occupations, initiated by the Head of State, was considered during the Government session chaired by Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov. As the Minister of Labour and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan Svetlana Zhakupova said, more than half of all working Kazakhstanis have vocational or technical education. There are 2.3 million people of more than 2 thousand working professions and more than 270,000 of vacancies, especially in the transport, trade, industry and agriculture sectors.
The Innovative Project Navigator has been developed by the Ministry in order to plan personnel training more effectively. It possible to forecast human resources needs and synchronise labour market demands with the training of specialists in TVET organisations and synchronise training with projects implemented at the expense of the State budget due to this platform.
1,600 professional standards for working professions and 87 per cent of educational programmes have been updated by the Ministry of Labour.
More than 12,000 skills were included in an electronic Skills Bank according to the European standard (ESCO).
4 independent Centres launched assessment of qualifications recognition.
They are actively developing vocational and on-the-job training at the request of employers.
An internship function on the Electronic Labour Exchange launched to provide students with practical skills and practical courses using VR and AR technologies in working professions and for industrial practice are implemented in career centers in the cities of Konaev, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Turkestan, Astana and Shymkent.
Mechanisms for preventing occupational injuries will be improved through digital monitoring in the field of occupational safety and health, integral assessment of occupational risks and strengthening requirements for training and knowledge testing.
The transparency and legality of labour relations will be ensured due to mechanisms for the declaration of labour relations in an electronic format.
They will implement a joint action plan to promote the principles of decent work in the framework of cooperation with the International Labour Organization.
They approved a methodology for setting the minimum wage last year and plan to ratify the ILO Convention on the Establishment of Minimum Wages with Special Reference to Developing Countries this year.
The Digital Enterprise Map that makes it possible to identify risks in enterprises in real time in advance and to implement preventive measures is one of the most important projects in the field of working professions.
If employers combine the Digital Enterprise Map with the Digital Family Map, they can automatically identify risks. Businesses can implement the principles of social responsibility by using the Digital Enterprise Card.
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Read moreGeorgian domestic business should be free from problems caused by political tensions
As Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze pledged on Thursday, businesses across the country would “remain free” and “face no challenges” amid domestic political tensions with ongoing public protests against the Government’s decision not to have European Union accession talks on agenda until 2028.
Kobakhidze emphasized on the Government’s responsibility for the “significant achievement” of “ensuring business freedom” since the ruling party came to power in 2012 in an interview with Imedi TV.
“Misinformation propagated by some domestic media outlets and political figures” regarding the Government’s decision, urging business leaders to “engage responsibly” with the information provided was criticized by the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister emphasized that the opening of negotiations “should not be viewed as a singular issue [used] for blackmail against Georgia”, and that regular European Council meetings to “prevent the subject from being used as leverage” are extremely important.
The Government’s “commitment” to European integration was underscored by Kobakhidze. He asserted that it remained a “primary choice without alternative” for the country.
“Pressures being placed on businesses”, particularly by “those linked to the previous Government”, was alleged by the Prime Minister during the interview. Kobakhidze also warned against “return of political racketeering seen before 2012” and expressed the opinion that business “should not interfere deeply in political affairs”.
The business representatives were invited by Kobakhidze to share their thoughts on the discussion in comments on his recent meeting with the domestic business community. The gathering was described by him as “important”. The minister also added that it had allowed the participants to exchange their opinions and had given them an opportunity to “ask critical questions”.
According to the Prime Minister, businesses has always been impacted by “short-term fluctuations” in the economy and by the exchange rate of the national currency. He added that in the past, both the exchange rate and the overall economic situation had “stabilized quickly each time” after political tensions.
When Kobakhidze was asked about his views on domestic companies who took critical positions with regards to the Government but “profit from economic ties with Russia”, the Prime Minister claimed that “some people resent the Government’s pragmatic policy”.
In conclusion Kobakhidze said that the businesses in question did “not have answers to these questions, which is why they struggle to participate in the discussions”.
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Read moreThe decrease of Georgia’s IT Sector Foreign Income is $133 Million in Nine Months
The National Bank of Georgia reports that the foreign income of Georgia’s IT sector decreased by 22% in January- September 2024 compared to the same period last year.
A peak for the industry was reached in 2023 ($784 million). The migration effect achieved its peak in 2022-2023, because geopolitical unrest made thousands of Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian IT specialists temporarily relocate to Georgia. The sector’s foreign income got a large contribution from their activities, conducted from Georgia, during that period.
30,600 people were employed in the information and communication sector, which includes IT, at the end of 2021. This number increased to 39,000 in 2022 and attained 48,000 by 2024, but the sector’s overall income has shown a decline in spite of the increase in the number of employees. The return migration of Russian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian IT professionals who had temporarily boosted the industry’s earnings during their stay in Georgia caused this decline.
Temporary external factors such as migration influenced the decline and underscored the challenges of sustaining rapid growth in the IT sector. The sector may be stabilized and expanded by enhancing the domestic IT workforce and fostering long-term growth strategies.
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Read moreKazakhstan has the third-highest unemployment rate in Eurasia according to global ranking
According to the global ranking of unemployment rates for 2024, prepared by ILOSTAT, Kazakhstan is 104th out of 187, with an unemployment rate of 4.8%.
Analysts from Energyprom.kz recorded the worst unemployment rates in Eswatini (34.4%), South Africa (33.2%), and Djibouti (25.9%). Qatar has the lowest rate (0.1%).
Only Tajikistan (11.6%) and Azerbaijan (5.6%) were ahead of Kazakhstan in the Eurasia region. Moldova (1.4%), Russia (2.5%), and Kyrgyzstan (3.3%) showed the best performers in the region. For context, the global average unemployment rate in the Central Asia region stood at 5.5%, compared to 5% in Europe.
According to the Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (BNS), there were 448,600 unemployed individuals by the end of Q3 2024 (0.6% fewer than during the same period in 2023), with the official unemployment rate at 4.6%.
The primary causes of unemployment were family circumstances (100,200 cases), voluntary resignations (95,600 cases), and difficulties in finding employment (92,200 cases).
It took 127,500 individuals less than a month to find a job; 113,300 – one to three months;124,600 – three to six months; 36,800- six months to a year; 46,000 – over a year.
Entrepreneurial ventures had already been initiated or employment arrangements were secured by 332 individuals.
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Read moreStatistics Office reports a 10.9% surge of Georgia’s average monthly earnings in Q3 to $731.92
As the National Statistics Office said on Monday, average monthly nominal earnings in Georgia raised by 10.9 percent (₾201.3 ($71.64) in the third quarter of 2024, compared to the same quarter in the previous year, and reached a total of ₾2,056.7 ($731.92).
According to the Office, the information and communication sector offered the highest monthly earnings (₾3,976.9 ($1,415.27) on average, showing an increase of 0.5 percent from last year). Then followed construction, (₾3,198.2 ($1,138.15) on average, up 5.4 percent), financial and insurance sector (₾3,186.6 ($1,134.02), up 13.5 percent),
professional, scientific, and technical sectors (₾3,062.9 ($1,090), up 17.1 percent).
Average earnings at ₾1,650.6 ($587.40) for women and ₾2,451 ($872.24) for men make the earnings gap between genders prevalent. An annual earnings growth is ₾191.5 ($68.15), or 13.1 percent, for women and ₾217 ($77.22), or 9.7 percent for men.
An increase in the business sector is 9.1 percent, (the average earnings attained ₾2,190.1 ($779.40). A decrease of 0.2 percent in the information and communication sector made the earnings fall to ₾4,065.8 ($1446.90), while an increase of 16.9 percent, averaging ₾3,500.5 ($1,245.73), was recorded in professional, scientific, and technical sectors.
Meanwhile, a 14.8 percent increase was seen by employees in the non-business and financial sectors, making their average earnings attain ₾1,813.5 ($645.37). Financial and insurance activities are the leaders in this domain.
The leaders in average earnings are the capital city of Tbilisi and the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of the country.
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Read moreMore than 13,000 foreigners work in Kazakhstan
The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population reports that 13,743 foreign citizens are currently working legally in Kazakhstan.
Most of them are managers and their deputies (564 and 2,585 permits issued for heads of structural subdivisions, respectively). The majority of the foreign workers are specialists (4,913) and skilled workers (999). Seasonal work and corporate transfers attracted 1,186 and 3,496 people respectively.
Foreign citizens work for 1,744 employers in Kazakhstan (a total workforce of 388,000 Kazakhs, 96.5% of the total number of employees).
Construction (5,390 people), manufacturing industry (1,455 people), mining and quarrying (1,335 people), administrative and auxiliary services (1,305 people), agriculture, forestry, and fishery (1,237 people) employ the largest number of people.
The largest number of foreign workers is from China (4,881 people), Uzbekistan (1,273 people), Türkiye (1,203 people), and India (1,095 people).
Approximately 1 billion tenge was attracted by the Kostanay region worth of foreign investments in the past two years, creating over 1,000 jobs.
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Read moreThe key factor for job selection is salary
Research conducted by Infostud during the Regional Employment Fair shows that salary is the most important factor for job selection in Serbia for 66% of people.
Good interpersonal relationships are the second essential factor (61% of respondents). The opportunity for learning and career advancement takes the third place (37% of respondents). Then come working hours (34%) and job security (23%). 22% of respondents voted for flexible working hours as a key factor.
A third of respondents believe that skills and knowledge are the most important factors for securing employment. 20% of respondents think that motivation and willingness to work play a key role, while prior work experience is crucial for 18%. On the contrary, formal education is crucial only for 3%.
A monthly salary between €800 and €1,000 is ideal for 35% of respondents in Serbia. A salary in the range of €1,000 to €1,500 is expected by nearly a third (28%). 17% believe that €500 to €800 would be enough for a decent living. Salary expectations exceeding €1,500 per month were recorded only for 13% of respondents.
Only 16% are satisfied with their current position, and over half of respondents (54%) want to change jobs within the next year. 22% of respondents are concerned about the precarious nature of the labour market.
The salary of 45% has not increased in the past year, while income of 37% has increased. Salary of 16% is expected to raise by the end of the year. The positions of 63% of respondents do not allow for remote work. 19% of employees able to work remotely work from the office. 12% adopt a hybrid model, and only 6% work entirely from home.
Foreign private companies are chosen by 33% of respondents. The second most desirable option is entrepreneurship (27%). 21% would choose to work in state-owned enterprises. Domestic private companies seem preferable for only 15%.
Feedback on the outcomes of job applications is received rarely by 46% of respondents and almost never by 24%. A response is always received only by 3% of candidates. 38% of young people still in education believe that they will find a job within three months after graduation. 20% expect to get employed in six months. 70% are planning to gain experience during internships, 46% would choose part-time jobs, one in five will get necessary training.
Relocation for work is not desirable for 46% of respondents in Serbia, while moving to a European country attracts 28%. 14% would relocate to regional countries, 11% would move outside Europe. Higher salaries (74%), better living conditions (63%), and improved working conditions (57%) are the main reasons for emigration.
There were 20 questions in the survey embracing over 6,000 people of three demographic groups: employees, unemployed individuals, and those currently in education. Nearly 50% of respondents (2,916) were Serbian.
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Read moreThe Foreigners’ Portal in Serbia issued 34,146 Residence and Work Permits
The Serbian government reports that 34,146 applications for a Unified Permit for Temporary Residence and Work (a biometric document in the form of a card) for foreign nationals have been approved since the launch of the Foreigners’ Portal on 1 February this year as of 30 November (3,635 unified permits in November alone).
According to the Office for IT and eGovernment of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, it is possible to apply for the Unified Permit electronically through the Foreigners’ Portal, either by the foreign national or by their employer on their behalf.
A Type C visa, which allows for a stay of up to 90 days and is issued for tourism, business, or other travel, allowing for single, double, or multiple entries into Serbia, or a Type D visa, which allows for a stay of 90 to 180 days and is issued for reasons such as employment, education, family reunification, and similar purposes, can be applied for through the Foreigners’ Portal.
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Read moreAccording to IOM report, unemployment among recently displaced Ukrainians attains 24 Per Cent
A new report detailing the profound impact of nearly three years of war on the employment, mobility, and labour market dynamics in Ukraine was released by the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
It shows a higher unemployment rate (24%) among people recently displaced within Ukraine, compared to those displaced for one year or more (13%).
Alessia Schiavon, IOM Ukraine Chief of Mission highlights this disparity and the importance of targeted support of newly displaced individuals in rebuilding of their livelihoods and their future lives.
According to the report, a higher rate of unemployment (15%, compared to a national average of 11%) was recorded among working-age IDPs, as well as a higher proportion of unemployed job seekers (61%) compared to returning migrants and non-displaced individuals.
In spite of the massive decline in labour supply in the country due to the forced international migration of more than 6.7 million people, the employment rate among working-age respondents (18-60 years old) stands at 67 per cent (six percentage points lower than prior to February 2022).
The lack of local job opportunities and low wages are the most significant challenges that job seekers face in Ukraine. The low salaries and payment delays, prevalent in the public sector such as education and healthcare, have a disproportionately strong impact on the women working in these institutions.
Ongoing livelihood needs of millions of Ukrainians are also in the spotlight of the report. Nearly 5,000 people were provided with grants for micro-enterprises, vocational training, and livelihoods by IOM from January to October 2024. Totally half a million people got a direct assistance from the Organization.
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Read moreIs a better living standard implied by wage increase?
The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (RZS) reports that the average gross salary for September 2024 was 132,783 dinars, while the average net salary (after taxes and contributions) reached 96,115 dinars. The median net salary (75,117 dinars) is earned by half of the employees in Serbia.
Gross and net salaries in January-September 2024 grew by 14.5% nominally and 9.3% in real terms, compared to the same period last year. The increase of the average gross and net salaries for September 2024 was 13.0% nominally and 8.4% in real terms compared to the same month in the previous year.
Traditionally, they recorded the highest net salaries in the Belgrade region, particularly in the municipalities of Stari Grad and Vračar (170,558 and 163,757 dinars). Savski Venac (158,414 dinars) and Novi Beograd (155,034 dinars) were the following.
Jablanica District had the lowest average salaries in Serbia (71,652 dinars), particularly in Bojnik (63,622 dinars), while Medveđa had the highest salaries in the district (76,929 dinars).
According to Professor Ljubodrag Savić from the Faculty of Economics in Belgrade, there are several factors contributing to income disparities in Serbia.
The first one is the location of the most significant company offices in Belgrade (foreign companies, trade firms, consultancy agencies, universities, government institutions, and public sector organizations such as Elektroprivreda Srbije). Nevertheless, there is income inequality even in Belgrade itself.
Savić explained the lowest reported salary in Bojnik (63,622 dinars) by Serbia’s population decline. Nevertheless, living costs in these regions are significantly lower than in areas like Stari Grad, Belgrade.
The income earned by 50% of Serbia’s workforce is reflected by the median salary of 75,117 dinars (approximately €700). According to Savić, this amount might not seem small in euros, but the situation changes radically when you convert it into dinars and assess their purchasing power.
Savić explained that incomes seem to rise rapidly, especially expressed in euros, but inflation often outpaces salary growth in dinars, because the euro has remained at 117 dinars for the past 10–15 years. So, constant euro-denominated exchange rate makes the figure in euros appear larger, though living standards don’t necessarily improve.
The real impact of inflation on purchasing power pointed out by Savić can be revealed by looking back a decade.
He compared the purchasing power of €100 ten years ago when converted to 11,700 dinars with today’s one and found that the difference in value is stark, whether it’s sugar, milk, or other products.
According to him, this demonstrates that economic well-being is not always accurately indicated by the euro figure.
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